Within the community range, both males and females freely join or leaveġ986), a characteristic shared with other fission–fusion societies Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda: Emery ThompsonĢ008b). schweinfurthii, in at least two populationsĮstablish areas of preferential use within this range, often referred to as Males defend a community range in which females settle, and female easternĬhimpanzees, P. Shared with their sister taxon, bonobos, Pan paniscus ( Eriksson et al., 2006 Furuichi, 1989 Gerloff et al.,ġ999). Philopatry ( Nishida & Kawanaka, 1972 Pusey, 1979), a feature of social organization Pattern of female philopatry by showing consistent female-biased dispersal and male Thus, it is not surprising that female mammals, more often than males,įorm the strongest and longest-lasting social bonds, and have evolved hormonalĪdaptations that facilitate such bonding ( Taylor et al.,Ĭhimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, deviate from the typical mammalian Societies with sex-biased dispersal often form around females and their related Mammals often benefit most from kin support in resource defence. Result in greater resource constraints on reproduction in females than in males, female Because of sex differences in fitness-optimizing strategies that Particularly true for nonhuman primates (reviewed in Langergraber, 2012) and humans ( Madsen etĪl., 2007). Thornicroft’s giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti: Kinship for structuring social relationships within groups (spotted hyaenas,ġ997 African elephants, Loxodonta africana: Archie et al., 2006 sperm whales, PhyseterĪl., 2010 yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris: Empirical evidence from a range of social mammals supports the role of Kinship has long been recognized as an important factor mediating theĭistribution of social interactions among conspecifics, given the inclusive fitnessīenefits gained by cooperating with relatives ( Hamilton,ġ964). Our findings support the hypothesis that female chimpanzeesįorm well-differentiated social relationships that are of potential adaptive Rank, an important determinant of reproductive success at Gombe, influencedĪssociations primarily for low-ranking females, who associated preferentially Offspring, while having female offspring had the opposite effect. High, on average, nonkin associated more frequently if they had immature male While variability in association above and below expected values was Partners for association and grooming, and variability was high among nonkinĭyads. Furthermore, when available, females preferred kin over nonkin Grooming rates, suggesting that associations reflected social preferences in We found that associationįrequencies among females with above-average overlap correlated positively with On pairwise kernel volume intersections of core areas. To search for social preferences that could not beĮxplained by spatial overlap alone, we controlled for expected association based We quantify pairwise similarities in ranging,ĭyadic association and grooming for 624 unique dyads over 38 years, including 17Īdult female kin dyads. Here, we use the largest data set on wildĬhimpanzee behaviour currently available to assess potential determinants ofįemale association patterns. Use on association patterns, and in identifying the drivers of partner However, challenges remain in quantifying the influence of shared space Recent work in some populations is challenging this Small core areas and were long thought to have weak social bonds of littleīiological significance. In most East African populations, females tend to forage alone in Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, differįrom most species by showing consistent female-biased dispersal and strict male Preferentially among kin, who benefit from cooperation through direct and In most primate societies, strong and enduring social bonds form
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |